Essays by Ekowa
The History of an African Emperor.
Lucius
Septimius Severus
(Ruled
from 193-211 AD)
“The
history of a nation is, unfortunately, too easily written as the history of the
dominant class.”
~~~~~~~
Kwame
Nkrumah
Recently,
I was reading an article from G.A.P - Global African Presence, by the
renowned historian Runoko Rashidi and I read a blurb about the Black Emperors of
Rome. Please visit:
http://www.cwo.com/~lucumi/runoko.html
According to several noted scholars, Severus was definitely an
African.
'Concealment of the historical truth is a crime against the people.'
Gen.
Petro G. Grigotenko -
USSR
The
name of Serverus is still used by his unknowing ancestors (most thinking they
are white and others who took the name as the ‘Slaves of Severus’ who
somehow believe they are true Caucasian Italians. You may see the name as
Serverti, Servanti, Servernti or some other derivation thereof. The TI
or ti being the suffix meaning ‘Son of.’
Here
is an example of the African/Mediterranean Italian:
John
Turturro
Mr.
Turturro, who is an excellent actor, physically demonstrates the example of the
'Mediterranean Caucasian', olive-skinned, large features, kinky hair and to
close to
Africa
. Looks like somebody's relatives
crossed over into
Egypt
.
Lucius
Septimius Severus
restored stability to the
Roman Empire
after the tumultuous reign of the emperor Commudus and the civil wars
that erupted in the wake of Commudus murder. However, by giving greater
pay and benefits to soldiers and annexing the troublesome lands of northern
Mesopotamia into the Roman Empire, Septimius Severus brought increasing
financial and military burdens to
Rome
's government. His prudent administration allowed these burdens to be met during
his eighteen years on the throne, but his reign was not entirely sunny. The
bloodiness with which Severus gained and maintained control of the empire
tarnished his generally positive reputation.' [Re-created picture]
Remember
the movie Gladiator with Russell Crowe? I loved that movie even thought it is
inaccurate; it is one of my favorites. They used the names Marcus Aureilus and
Commodus and Lucius and duplicated their historical positions but not their
ethnicity. O, poor Lucius was played by a white boy. Oddly enough, the only
black man in the movie was played by Djimon Hijonsu (sp) and he was a captured
slave had a line in the movie that again ratified e system of White Supremacy,
he said in awe when looking at the Roman architecture “I did not know that men
could build such things”. That part always makes me cringe! The only black man
in the group and he is ignorant of his own people accomplishments. They made it
seem like he was an ignorant bushman running in the wild with no culture or
traditions. The Nubians (cousins of the Egyptians and Ethiopians) have traded up
and down the
Nile
for centuries - for millennia!
'We
shall see that mankind began as a single family; that the family circle widened
and widened until it broke into segments, and with that came the illusion that
the segments were no longer part of the circle. '
J.A.
Rodgers (Sex and Race Vol. 1)
The Nubians
Severus' Early
Life and Acclamations
Severus
was born 11 April 145 in the African city of
Lepcis Magna
, whose magnificent ruins are located in modern
Libya
, 130 miles east of
Tripoli
. Septimius Severus came from a distinguished local family with cousins who
received sufficient consulships in Rome under Antionius Pius The future
emperor's father seems not to have held any major offices, but the grandfather
may have been the wealthy equestrian Septimius Severus commemorated by the
Flavian-era poet Statius .
Did you see it? It came so quickly you may have missed it!
Let’s read it again!
Severus
was born 11 April 145 in the African city of
Lepcis Magna
, whose magnificent ruins are located in modern
Libya
, 130 miles east of
Tripoli
.
An African city whose magnificent ruins are located in
Libya
? Yes, contrary to popular believe the Libyans were black Africans and they all
did not look like Mohomar Qadaffi (sp). He is an Arab.
There is a vast difference between the folks that live in the northern
part of
Africa
today.
BTW - On C-span the other night Mr. Qadaffi who has now been
scared into submission by the powers that be, had the nerve to say, when he
spoke he spoke for ALL of
Africa
!!! What nerve! He said that all Arab should marry black woman…why? To make
the Arab!!!!!
Septimius
Severus came from a distinguished local family with cousins
who received suffect consulships in
Rome
under Antoninus Pius. The future Emperor's father seems not to have held
any major offices, but the grandfather may have been the wealthy
equestrian Septimius Severus commemorated by the Flavian-era poet
Statius.
Where did his family get their wealth?
They must have been something for a poet to write about. Doesn't this scenario
sound like the film Gladiator with Russell Crowe? I think that is where they got
the idea.
Severus came from a distinguished equestrian (horse breading and
training) family. Remember, we talked about being from the royal African
household [mother] and therefore you could lay claim to the Kingship of ALL
nations (natural and spiritual) through your royal linage? This seems to be
another case in point.
"The
future Emperor was helped in his early career by one of his consular cousins,
who arranged entry into the senate and the favor of the emperor Marcus
Aerelius Life as a senator meant a life of travel from one government
posting to another.
Moorish (black folks who conquered, ruled and shaped
Spain
,
England
and
France
) attacks on his intended post of Baetica (southern
Spain
) forced Severus to serve his quaestorship in
Sardinia
. He then traveled to Africa as a legate and returned to
Rome
to be a tribune of the plebs [neophytes to the Egyptian Mystery system]. Around the year 175 he married Paccia Marciana, who seems
also to have been of African origin.
The childless marriage lasted a decade or so until her death."
Look ‘a here! Here are the Moors fighting and striving against their
cousins once again. They could not even admit what was historically
obvious…they said ‘…seemed to have been of African origin’. So,
Brother Severus married a sista' (what a shock) and that’s when they happened
to mention that he was an African too! Let us look at the fine print and stop
being lazy readers.
Here another scholar tries to hide the obvious.
Severus
was born 11 April 145 in the Phoenician Punic city of
Lepcis Magna
.
Remember who the Phoenicians were? They were Africans!
Don’t get lost in the words or names they call our family. Same
folk’s different locales.
'The Phoenicians were a coastal branch of the Canaanites,
who, according to Biblical traditions, were the brothers of Kush (Ethiopia) and
Mizraim (Kmt)--members of the Hamite ethnic group. In other words, the
Bible states that the ancient Canaanites, Ethiopians and Egyptians were all
African nations. Dr. Cheikh Anta Diop claimed that "Phoenician history is
therefore incomprehensible only if we ignore the Biblical data, according to
which the Phoenicians, in other words, the Canaanites, were originally Negroes,
already civilized, with whom nomadic, uncultured white tribes later mixed."
While acknowledging the Biblical data, Diop cautioned that the economic
relations shared by the Kamites and Phoenicians should not be minimized in
explaining the strong sense of solidarity which generally existed between
them. There was frequently a Kamite presence: military, diplomatic,
religious or commercial, both in the Canaanite hinterland and the Phoenician
city-states themselves, and Diop goes on to state that, "Even throughout
the most troubled periods of great misfortune, Egypt could count on the
Phoenicians as one can count more or less on a brother."
http://www.cwo.com/~lucumi/runoko.htm
The Moors, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Egyptians, Libyan,
Nubians, all are part of the same family and bloodlines they are all
Africans of various shades, facial features and hues.
Moorish
Soldier
St Maurice
and the
Roman Pope
A case which shows the strong link that developed in
Europe
between the word "Black” and "Moor" is that of non-Muslim
Moors. A host of non-Muslim figures are also described as Black and Moorish.
These included the Black St. Maurice (pictured above) whose name translates as
"like a Moor."
St.
Benedict the Moor:
"Continuing
with religion, Saint Benedict the Moor is a saint of the Catholic Church. He was
born at Fradella, a village of the Diocese of Messina in Sicily in 1526; he died
April 4, 1589. His parents were slaves from Ethiopia. Because of Benedict's
religious piety, their master freed him. Furthermore, owing to his strict
virtues he was made superior of the monastery of Santa Maria de Jesus at
Palermo. He devoted his life to caring for the sick and needy. He became known
as "The Holy Negro." He was sought by persons from every class on
matters of religion and other human concerns. He died at the age of 63; as a
consequence of his God-filled life, a vigorous cult developed immediately after
his death. His veneration became especially popular in Italy, Spain, and South
America. The city of Palermo chose him as its patron saint. He was pronounced
Blessed in 1743 by Pope Benedict XVII and was canonized in 1807 by Pope Pius
VII." Adib Rashad http://www.edofolks.com/html/pub68.htm
Back to the Black Emperor:
After Severus’ first wife died, he married another woman
(probably another sister) and had 2 sons.
While
in Gallia Lugdunensis in 187, the now-widowed future Emperor married Julia
Domna a woman from a prominent family of the Syrian city of
Emesa
. Two sons quickly arrived, eleven months apart: Bassianus (known to
history as Caracalla) in April of the year 188, and Geta in March
189.
Remember; don’t look at the word Syrian and think of the
people who occupies the region NOW. Think Africans in antiquity!
His sons became co-Emperors after his assassination. Now
check this out!
News
of Pertinax's assassination 28 March 193 in an uprising by the Praetorian
Guard quickly reached
Pannonia
, and only twelve days later on 9 April 193, Severus was proclaimed emperor.
Septimius Severus had the strong support of the armies along the Rhine and
Danube, but the loyalty of the governor of
Britain
, Clodius Albinus was in doubt. Severus' envoys from
Pannonia
offered Albinus the title of Caesar, which he accepted.
Now what does Albinus mean? Albino? Briton was
called
Albion
or the Albionus region, like Albana - but why use that name? Take a look!
Albinus
Africanus
It is a designation of a skin condition in this case? And are
they giving us a historical hint through his name?
Albinus was the Governor of Britain. But, again, why would his
name be Albinus? Was it to differentiate him from the other Britons or designate
that they had been black but are now Albino?
According to Dr. Francis Cress-Wellsing. The Caucasian is
the reject albino children of the African who later moved north into
Europe
and returned with anger in their hearts and an Oedipus complex (my
addition). Oedipus dreamed of marrying his mother and killing his father
according to Sigmund Freud - another Ashkenazi Jew who believed Moses was the
Egyptian King and monotheist - Ankhenaten.]
If Clodius Albinus were Caucasian, why repeat the fact again in
his name? This is an attempt to give us a clue. It's a clue not only to the
location he lived in but, his true heritage. Maybe we can find
another clue to this little conundrum.
“Decimus
Clodius Albinus[2] (c. 150 - February 19, 197) was a Roman usurper proclaimed
emperor by the legions in
Britain
and
Spain
upon the murder of Pertinax.
Albinus came from an aristocratic provincial family in North
Africa and held the governorship of
Britain
by 192.
'Born
in
North Africa
, Albinus was born into a wealthy, senatorial family and received an
aristocratic education.
He seems to have been younger than Severus, so his birth should probably
be placed ca. AD 150.As a "blue blood," Albinus
may have enjoyed preeminence among senators of his generation and so may have
more quickly passed through the various stages of a senatorial career.
Born in North Africa....well Albinus was born in
North Africa
. So could he have looked like Jason Kidd? I am not saying Jason is an
Albino, but we do have people in the African spectrum that re light as mil and
dark as night.
Jason
Kidd
I have a dear friend that has Albanio traits and she is 100%
sista’ militant and she has a deep love for her people. She told me of so many
occasions that white people thought she was white and spoke ‘freely’ about
black people until she called them on their racism crap. They labeled her white
but she identified as a black woman.
What is a Blue Blood?
What does that mean exactly? We were told that If you could see
the blue veins then you are royalty – but is that so or something else? Over
time, as we all know, definitions, idioms, and original meaning are lost in
translation and time.
The ancient and the American equivalent:
"Unlike
so many other expressions, this one is well documented. It’s a direct
translation of the Spanish sangre azul. Many of the oldest and proudest
families of
Castile
used to boast that they were pure bred, wanting no link with the Moors
who had for so long controlled the country, or indeed any other group. [The Moor
were dark Africans].
As a
mark of this [their whiteness and so-called purity], they pointed to their
veins, which seemed bluer in color than those of such foreigners. This was
simply because the blue-tinted venous blood showed up more prominently in their
lighter skin, but they took it to be a mark of their pure breeding. So the
phrase blue blood came to refer to the blood, which flowed in the veins
of the oldest and most aristocratic families. The phrase was taken over into
English in the 1830s.
'Mr.
Ryder might aptly be called the dean of the Blue Veins. The original Blue Veins
were a little society of colored persons organized in a certain Northern city
shortly after the war. Its purpose was to establish and maintain correct social
standards among a people whose social condition presented almost unlimited room
for improvement. By accident, combined perhaps with some natural affinity, the
society consisted of individuals who were, generally speaking, more white than
black. Some envious outsider made the suggestion that no one was eligible for
membership who was not white enough to show blue veins.' Excerpted from:
The Wife of His Youth Charles Waddell Chesnutt, 1858-1932
Like
another future rival, Pescennius Niger, Albinus won fame
early in Commodus' reign as a commander battling barbarians along the
Dacian frontier. Albinus served as a suffect consul, probably in the mid 180s,
after which he undoubtedly held more than one provincial governorship. By 192 he
was governing
Britain
,
Rome
's northernmost province, which experienced continual disruptions from attacks
by Caledonians along the frontier."
"Pescennius
Niger
(c. 140–194) was a Roman usurper from 193 to 194. The name "
Niger
" means "black", contrasting him with one of his rivals for the
throne, Clodius Albinus, whose name means "white". Pescennius
Niger
however was also black in regards to skin. This is recorded in the history of
Cassius Dio book 75."
Pescennius
Niger
Wesley
Snipes
So, there it is the Albinus (the blue blood/blue vein Jason Kidd
brother) and Peccennius
Niger
[The dark-skinned -Wesley Snipes type brother]. Seemingly it would read
to be the White and the Black but it is not. It is the Light-skin and the
Dark-skin of the African Family. Although Albinus was born in
Northern Africa
he was transplanted to Briton. There were Africans in Briton during the time of
Tacitus the Roman historian of 80AD according to J.A. Rodgers says:
As regards to color, Tacitus, Roman Historian of 80 AD
distinctly mentions the 'dark complexion and the unusually curly hair' of the
Silures, or Black Celts, who occupied
England
together with fair-skinned, fair-harried people. He believed that
the Black Celts had migrated there originally from
Spain
(Moors). Professor Elliot Smith also fins that ' The populations which occupied
Northern Africa ( where Albinus was born] the whole Mediterranean littoral, the
Iberian Peninsula, Western France, and the British Isles before the coming of
copper, were linked together in the closest bond of affinity.' (Pg 196 Sex and
Race vol. 1)"
Who were the Black Irish? The phrase is now used as a curse in
Irish circles.
"David
McRitchie, a folklorist and researcher of British history - says' the best
proofs of the Negro origins of some of the noble (blue-blood) British families
are 'the thick lipped Moors' on their Coat of Arms. Some families are
still named MOORE or MOHR, or MOOR.
Berry
's encyclopedia Heraldia says; ' Moor's head is the heraldic term for the head
of a black or Negro man,' (Sex and Race, pg 198)."
Read just a bit more and the light will come on.
"The
Civil Wars with Albinus,
Niger
and Didius Julianus.
"
Nominally
Emperor for two months, Marcus Didius Severus Julianus had an
authority that hardly extended beyond
Italy
or even
Rome
itself. Didius Julianus would gain historical notoriety only for the means by
which he became Emperor, by winning the bidding at what has been called the
"Auction of the Empire."
Didius
Julianus was born 29 January, probably in
Milan
and in the year 137. Typical of the international elite coming to the fore in
the Antonine age, he is said to have been the offspring of a multicultural
marriage. His father's family was from
Milan, while his mother's family came from Hadrumetum in Africa (modern
Sousse, Tunisia
). On his mother's side, Didius Julianus was related to the prominent
Antoine jurist and consul Salvius Julianus, and the young Didius Julianus also
enjoyed the support of Domitia Lucilla, the mother of the Emperor.
In
the city of
Rome
, Didius Julianus gained the support of the praetorian troops and was
promoted as the successor to Pertinax. Although Julianus'
authority did not extend much beyond
Italy
, Severus understood that legitimacy for a Roman emperor meant having one's
authority accepted in
Rome
. He and his army began a swift march to the city. They met practically no
resistance on their advance from
Pannonia
into northern
Italy
, as Julianus' supporters defected. By the beginning of June when Severus
reached Interamna, 50 miles north of
Rome
, even the Praetorian Guard stationed in the capital switched sides. Didius
Julianus was declared a public enemy and killed. Septimius Severus entered
Rome
without a fight.
Civil
war was not yet over. Another provincial governor also had his eyes on the
throne. In
Syria
, Pescennius Niger had been proclaimed emperor on news of Pertinax's
death, and the eastern provinces quickly went under his authority.
So, Didus was an African too! And had close ties with the
second wife of Severus…hummm.
Severus the African Emperor had allies in
Britain
and in
Africa
and parts of the so-called Middle East/Asia. One was named Albinus and
the other
Niger
. Albinus was not from
Albany
…or
Albania
, he was an African, and so was Pescennuis
Niger
. He was obviously from
Niger
.
It’s still an African thang….
Didius
Julianus
Didius was bi-racial – or as we would put it; “He was a
red-bone or fair skinned brother.”
And who was Pescennuis
Niger
? Pescennuis
Niger
? Pescennuis
Niger
? He was an African too!
G.
Pescennuis Niger
But from the accounts in His-Story you would not be able to tell.
So let look at some modern day visuals shall we? Here we have Jason Kidd,
Wesley Snipes and Rick Fox they represent
Albinus
,
Niger
and Julianus.
Kidd
Snipes
Fox
Now, let’s recap:
Albanus
,
Niger
and Julianus were all African! Just like the above pictures. [NO not biracial
which is the modern divide and conquer designation] It was Black men vying for
the throne or Emperor-ship dare I say it? The CAESAR-ship of
Italy
! Yep, we were large and in charge.
HOW? WHY? Keep in mind the concept of CaeSar
and keep reading!
Let’s continue…
Byzantium
became
Niger
's base of operations as he prepared to fight the armies of the west loyal to
Severus.
Niger
was unable to maintain further advances into
Europe
. The fighting moved to the Asian shore of the Propontis, and in late December
193 or early January 194,
Niger
was defeated in a battle near
Nicaea
and fled south. Asia and
Bithynia
fell under Severus' control, and
Egypt
soon recognized Severus' authority.
By
late spring,
Niger
was defeated near
Issus
and the remainder of his support collapsed.
"The
first great temple built specifically in honor of Isis was begun in Dynasty XXX
by Nectanebo II (360-343 BC) who built the Temple of Isis at Behbeit-el-Hagar,
which lies between Tanta and Damietta in the Eastern Delta."
"The cult of Isis was widespread in the Egypt of the dynastic period. From
Egypt it spread northwards to Phoenicia, Syria and Palestine; to Asia Minor; to
Cyprus, Rhodes, Crete, Samos and other islands in the Aegean; to many parts of
mainland Greece - Corinth, Argos and Thessaly amongst them; to Malta and Sicily;
and, finally, to Rome. In the first century BC, Isis was perhaps the most
popular goddess in the
Eternal
City
, from which her cult spread to the furthest limits of the Roman Empire,
including
Britain
: her only rival was Mithras.
Barbara Watterson, The
Gods of Ancient
Egypt
.
Isis/Issus
Issus was in
Syria
close to Israel.
Issus
is named after the African (Egyptian) goddess Isis. Remember the original
African Hebrews were Egyptian. So why were these Syrians worshipping a Black
Isis?
Syria
was
pacified.
Niger
was killed fleeing Antioch. Byzantium,however, refused to surrender to Severan forces.
Niger's head was sent to the city to persuade the besieged citizens to give up, but
to no avail. The Byzantines held out for another year before surrender. As
punishment for their stubbornness, the walls of their city were destroyed.
Byzantine
Black Madonna
Polish, Czechoslovakian, Romanian and Austrian?
If it is true that a large proportion of the ancient miraculous
Madonna’s of the world are black, why is this phenomenon generally so little
known today? A poetic verse from 1629 catalogues some of the national shrines of
Europe
, all of which, at the heart, seem to represent an ancient tradition of devotion
to a statue of the Black Virgin. Many such Black Virgins exist, often having
survived centuries of war, some in large basilicas, others in village churches,
yet others in museums and libraries. Many more are also in private hands, for a
variety of reasons. Some are painted statues, others are murals or paintings,
and some are statues carved from ebony.
Some of
the most famous Black Virgin shrines are Chartes, Loreto, Zaragoza, Rocamadour,
Montserrat
, and Guadalupe. Early textual references describing images of Black Virgins are
few, although Peter Comestor (12th c. biblical scholar of
Troyes
and
Paris
), St. Bernard of Clairvaux (an early leader of the medieval Knights Templar)
and Nicephorus Callixtus (1256-1335), the Byzantine church historian, all have
had something to say on this subject.
Many
Christians, both clergy and laity, simply accept that these shrines to the Black
Virgin, and the loyal, fervent devotion they foster, are ultimately
inexplicable, a mystery of the divine feminine. Some writers believe they
represent a Christian form of
Isis
, as a mother with child. These shrines are believed to have special healing
powers, among other things, and to be places where newly married brides can go
for fertility blessings. There is also a strong religious folk tradition
connecting the Black Virgins to the medieval Knights Templar and also with Mary
Magdalene.
BTW did you know that Romania
were the exiled Romans?
"Severus
died in York
on 4 February 211 at the age of 65. His reign lasted nearly 18 years, a
duration that would not be matched until Diocletian. Culturally and
ideologically Septimius Severus connected his reign to the earlier Antonine era,
but the reforms he enacted would eventually alter the very character of Roman
government. By creating a larger and more expensive army and increasing the
influence of lawyers in administration, Severus planted the seeds that would
develop into the highly militaristic and bureaucratic government of the later
empire.
"
Side bar:
Did anyone ever get the joke that the Governator - Der gropin'
Fuhrer, Arnold SwartzaNegger meant
Arnold
the Black from Niger
?
The name Niger
has taken different twists and turns:
Negger,
Niger,
Neiger, Neger and so on. I
found one family site that said their children form Krakow
Poland
(Eastern Europe) were Neigers (
Niger
) and the children were name Afra [black]…like in
Africa
. Neiger is also an Israeli name.
What
about SwartzaNegger? Schwartz means black and Negger means a man from Niger...sooo.....
"There are also Black Madonna's in
Austria
,
Belgium
,
Russia
,
Finland and the former Yugoslavia
"
'Like a river, her darkness comes from numerous sources, a
multiplicity of streams. She surfaces in European and Near Eastern sites where
black meteorite stones [Kaaba] fell out of the sky and were then venerated. She rises by
healing waters, streams, rivers, and deltas. In some places, she is associated
with storms, lightning and thunder. Her waters are fed by streams of a tradition
where black symbolized Wisdom, the Womb of God. In the world of medieval mystics
the Womb of enlightenment from the East, from
Africa
, the Root, the Wisdom herself. She is rising to remind us that what we call
darkness is invisible light. That ninety percent of what is - is invisible. That
darkness matters, is to be valued, treasured.'
Black
Madonna
Roman
Isis
Legitimization of the Severan
Dynasty
Severus
also took steps to cement his legitimacy as Emperor by connecting himself to the
Antonine dynasty. Severus now proclaimed himself the son of Marcus Aurelius,
which allowed him to trace his authority, through adoption, back to the emperor Nerva.
Julia Domna was awarded the title "Mother of the Camp" (mater
castrorum), a title only previously given to the empress Faustina the
Younger, Marcus' wife. Bassianus (see Elagabalus), the emperor's elder
son, was renamed Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and given the title Caesar. It was
this last step that marked a decisive break with Albinus.
Albinus
had remained in
Britain
as governor during the struggles between Severus and
Niger
. Although Albinus had not attempted open revolt against the emperor, he seems
to have been in communication with senators about future moves.
By
the end of 195, Albinus was declared a public enemy by Severus. The
governor of
Britain
responded by proclaiming himself emperor and invading
Gaul
.
Gaul
– where
was that? All of
Europe
it seems to me…
gôl
,
Lat. Gallia, ancient designation for the land S and W of the Rhine, W
of the Alps, and N of the
Pyrenees
. The name was extended by the Romans to include
Italy
from
Lucca
and
Rimini
northwards, excluding
Liguria
. This extension of the name is derived from its settlers of the 4th and 3d
cent. BC—invading Celts, who were called Gauls by the Romans. Their cousins in
Gaul proper (modern
France
) probably had been there since 600 BC, for the Greeks of Massilia (
Marseilles
) knew them.
All these Africans running around
Europe
taking control…how could that be?
Again let’s look at something else:
Severus
also took steps to cement his legitimacy as emperor by connecting himself to the
Antonine dynasty. Severus now proclaimed himself the son of Marcus Aurelius,
which allowed him to trace his authority, through adoption,
back to the emperor Nerva.
Through adoption huh? Well, what were the cases of adoption in
the early years of mans history?
Adoption Criteria:
1. There were two forms of adoption in Roman law. Adrogatio
had the affect of extinguishing one family line (merging it into another) for
the purpose of saving another.
a. Originally, only a paterfamilias (clan or
family head) could be adrogated.
b. When he became adopted, he lost his patria potestas
and he and all of his family became subject to the patria potestas of the
adrogator. Generally, the adrogator had to be at least 60 years old, have no
descendants of his own, and be at least 18 years older than the one to be
adrogated. During most of the Roman era adrogation had to be approved by
the legislative body (comitia curita).
2. The second form of Roman adoption, adoptio,
affected only an individual, and not his family. The adoptee first had to
be released from the potestas of his prior paterfamilias. This was affected
through a fictitious sale. The Twelve Tables provided that if a father sold his
son three times, the son was free. So the paterfamilias would sell his son to a
straw man twice (who would transfer him back) and the third time he would be
sold to the adopter.
Serverus was adopted by Marcus Areulius, after his first
wife died he married Julia Domina and had 2 sons who later became co-Emporers of
Rome
.
But, who was Julia, the second wife?
Julia Domna
Julia
Domna (PIR2 I 663) was born about 170 in Emesa of
Syria
as the younger daughter of Julius Bassianus (PIR2 I
202), priest of the sun god Elagabal. As such, she was part of the
local aristocracy. Having come to the attention of Severus because of her
promising horoscope (as shown above) she married him, probably in 187, and bore
their first child, Bassianus the future emperor M. Aurelius Antoninus,
known as Caracalla, on 4 April 188. About thirteen months later, she gave
birth to a second son, Geta.
The Severeus family with the African Son at looked like him
erased.
Now, when you look up Elagabal it gets kinda crazy. That
worship was said to be Roman monotheism or the worship of a transsexual and
human sacrificing cult, BUT…need to do some more research on it because
His-Story has been known to change the reputations of many for it own interest
and promotion. It’s called dis-information.
At any rate the Emperor Elagabalus who changed his name and was
Severus’s son Bassianus, became Roman Emperor under the name of Elagabalus (A.
D. 218). Had African features and he was the high priest of the Elagabala cult
in
Syria
.
Elagabala
The god Heliogabalus:
A
conical, black, meteoric stone from Emesa served as the idol of the sun-god,
which Heliogabalus married to the Syrian moon-goddess Astarte, introduced from
Carthage
(North Africa) and whose high-priest became Pontifex Maximus of
Rome
. Could this be like the Kabbah except for the shape?
The origin of Kubaba may have been kube or kuba
meaning 'cube'.
The stone associated with Cybele's worship was, originally, probably at Pessinus
but perhaps at Pergamum or on Mount Ida. What is certain is that in 204 BCE it
was taken to Rome, where Cybele became 'Mother' to the Romans. The ecstatic
rites of her worship were alien to the Roman temperament, but nevertheless
animated the streets of their city during the annual procession of the goddess's
statue. Alongside Isis, Cybele retained prominence in the heart of the Empire
until the fifth century BCE - when the stone was then lost. Her cult prospered
throughout the Empire and it is said that every town or village remained true to
the worship of Cybele. There is no indication as to where this stone originated,
but since it pre-dates the revelation of the Holy Qur'an and Muhammad's
prophethood, and even kissed, it must stem from the time of Abraham since the
Hajj traditions are traceable to the patriarch of monotheism.
Secular historians point to the history of stone
worship, and especially meteorite worship, in pre-Islamic Arabia, and say that
it is likely that the Stone is a meteorite [see Isis]. There is no way to test
this hypothesis without removing and examining the Stone, which would not be
permitted by its guardians.
Kaaba
Isis and Astarte are the same goddess.
Isis
was the original. So, Heliogablus may have been the Egyptian Osirus. So,
here we are again the icons of other nations originating in
Egypt
with the African.
Emesa
was renowned for its temple of the sun, adored here in the shape of a black
stone, whose priests formed a powerful aristocracy. Ee Anu or
Heliopolis
and
Zion
all cities to honor the Sun. Catholic
Encyclopedia
Ponifex Maximus means POPE! The Pope was originally from the cult
of Isis and Osirus.
The
Pontifex maximus
was the leader of the pontifical
college (collegium
pontificum), the highest priestly order in the Roman state religion.
The
pontifical college was made up of the fifteen priests, flamines,
each of whom served a single god or goddess. The flamines
were also called pontiffs,
or pontifices
(sing. pontifex).
One
member of the pontifical college was co-opted by the college as the leader,
hence the title pontifex
maximus. Initially only one of the three flamines
maiores could be pontifex
maximus, but towards the end of the
Roman
Republic
the rules were changed. After 104 BCE the pontifex
maximus was elected in a sort of limited popular elections between
candidates acceptable to the college, and all the pontifices were eligible. The title
was held for life.
The
last to hold the title of pontifex maximus under the
Roman
Republic
were Julius
Caesar (62-44 BCE) and M. Aemilius Lepidus (44-12 BCE).
After Lepidus the title passed to Augustus, and henceforth
the title of Pontifex Maximus would be a prerogative of the emperor. It remained
so until the 5th century when it passed to the Pope, who have used the
title ever since.
The
title pontifex means literally "bridge builder" because they
bridged the gap between the world of man and the world of the gods.
pŏn´tĬfĕks măk´sĬmes),
highest priest of Roman religion and official head of the college of pontifices.
As the chief administrator of religious affairs he regulated the conduct of
religious ceremonies, consecrated temples and other holy places, and controlled the calendar.
During the time of the empire, and until Christianity became firmly established,
the emperor was designated Pontifex Maximus. After the supremacy of
Christianity, the popes assumed the title.
Pope
Gregory changed the calendar form the ancient time until now. We go by the
Gregorian calendar - so the year is not 2004 we may be in 2020 or 2030 by now!
Let me say here, just because it is African does not mean it is
or was correct. I believe the farther you get away for the source of the
spiritual knowledge, the more you err. We still have to rightly divided
truth in all things. As in anything, we have as a people turned our face
away from the Creator and in doing so we have found ourselves worshipping at the
foot of all manner of heinous activities including human sacrifice. If this is
true in this case then Elagabalus may have been one of those brothers that went
off the true path by misunderstanding the African and mixing it with Europe. The
past Pope in Roman John Paul is an avid Madonna worshipper which is an ancient
link between Roman and
Egypt
.
‘A
MAN HAVING SEPARATED HIMSELF - SEEKETH TO INTERMEDDELETH WITH ALL
WISDOM.’
Proverbs
18:1
My Conclusion:
There were definitely African Emperors of Rome. During the
time of Severus there was a vying for power between of Africans. Most of the
noted warriors who fought with or struggled against Severus and those who came
before him were African. All the
Rome
looked to
Africa
as the seat of Civilization and of all natural and spiritual Kingship.
Albinus who was almost positively an African with vitiligo ruled
Britain
and
Gaul
.
Niger
was wholly African and Julianus was bi-racial (if that is a term).
the area in and around Europe including Rome across the Mediterranean and the
so-called middle East was under African control or influence either physically
or spiritually. Severus initially married an African woman and then married a
Syrian (location not ethnically) whose Father was the high priest for the Sun
god Elagablus. (Similar story to Joseph and Osnath and their 2 sons Manasseh and
Ephraim. Osnath’s father was the priest of On or Heliopolis
the 2 sons of Severus were co-Emperors of
Rome
after his death and the concept of Pope came from
Africa
.
Brothers
and Sisters:
Read between the lines - There you will see the missing pages of world History
and, world History is African History!
Just a friendly visual reminder: We
come in all shades and His-Story cannot change that fact.
IF
‘All
roads lead to
Rome
’ then it was Africans that paved the way. Genetics will always tell the
truth. All roads lead to
Africa
is the reality of the situation.
DNA
Note: What did the title Caesar or Cae-Sar actually mean?
The title Caesar of Emperor is from the root word Sar from
the name/title of Sara(i) the wife of Abraham.
'And Abram [father] and Nahor took them wives; the name of Abram wife was
[Princess] Sar-ai…’ Gen.11:29.
“And
Father and Nahor took them wives; the name of Father’s wife was Queen.”
Queen of what? Is that why se could easily turn the head of a
Pharaoh? Could a simple wife of a nomad become the wife or concubine of Pharaoh?
Tacitus the Roman historian of 80AD said:
‘Everyone
knows Abraham was an Ethiopian.”
Sarai according to Strong's Concordance means: Lady noble or
queen. Sarai Abraham’s wife was
said to be his sister. SAR means: head person (of any rank and
class) General, governor, keeper, Lord, master, prince or princess, ruler or
Stewart.
Queen
Tiye of Egypt
Historically the African Dynasty or rulership had to be through
the Ethiopian woman and that truth was passed on in the name of Caesar, Czar
and Kaiser and Nebuchadnezzer all terms for Ruler or King.
Specifically from the line of the Ethiopian, and according to Diop, Clarke,
Huston, Malcioln, and other notable and reliable scholars the Ethiopian/Egyptian
mélange is the key to all discoveries. The titles listed above were
adopted by the European in order to legitimize their claim of world rulership.
But, as the word states:
'Not
by power or by might, but by my Spirit says the Lord....'
Julius Caesar understood this and so did Mark Anthony; both
courted the Ptolemaic and racially mixed princess Cleopatra in order to rule the
world. That world was and still is
AFRICA
.
National Geographic Map information - copyright July 1997
‘A
client kingdom under the Republic,
Mauritania
was annexed to the
Roman Empire
by Caligula in AD40. This and other North African provinces produced esteemed
Roman citizens. By the rise of the African Severian Dynasty, many of
Rome
’s senators were from
Africa
.’
This may also account for the rise in [African] Church
fathers in the Hebraic-Christian religion from 100AD-400AD although many were
killed. This is
another example of Study…look into history.
"Interestingly,
at least ten Africans became Emperors of Rome. They are listed on the historical
record as the following: Macrinu, Firmus, Emilianus, Septimius Serverus,
Pescennius Niger, Aquilus Niger, Brutidius Niger, Q. Caecilus Niger, Novius
Niger, and Trebius Niger who was a proconsul in Spain. Africans were authorities
on medicine and they were often quoted by Caelius Aurelianus and Galen. Other
noted Africans were Domituis Afer, orator, Arnobius Afer, Christian writer; and
Victorianus Afer, a scholar of rhetoric whose statue was erected in the forum of
Emperor Trajan...Fronto
was another exceptional African writer; he taught the Roman Emperor, Marcus
Aurelius, who was up to a point depicted accurately in the movie Gladiator.
There was Apuleius another African writer, and Slavius Julians, an African who
edited the Paraetorian Edict."
http://www.edofolks.com/html/pub68.htm
…Again because it bears
repeating: African history is World history.
'As
long as you are convinced you have never done anything, you can never do
anything. '
Malcolm
X
Power to the People!
Blessings
to all,
Ekowa
Bibliography/ Sources
Anthony
R. Birley, Septimius Severus: the
African emperor, 2nd edition (New Haven, Conn.: Yale, 1988)
Cassius
Dio, Roman history, bk.76,
ch.7-bk.77, ch.2 (available in English translation in the Loeb Classical
Library)
Herodian,
bk.3, ch.13-bk.4, ch.4 (also available in the Loeb Classical Library)
Historia Augusta, Life of Geta (highly untrustworthy; English translations available in the
Loeb Classical Library and in a Penguin translation, Lives of Later Caesars, tr. Anthony Birley
André
Chastagnol, Histoire Auguste
(Paris: Robert Laffont, 1994), pp.425-29
Michael
Meckler, Caracalla and his late-antique
biographer: a historical commentary on the Vita Caracalli in the Historia
Augusta (diss. Univ. of Michigan, 1994) Excerpted from, Michael L. Meckler - Copyright (C) 1997
Catholic Online Encyclopedia
Sex
and Race - Volume 1 - J.A. Rodgers
The
Lies My Teacher Told Me – James Loewen
Encyclopedia.com
Africa
and the Africans of the Old Testament - David T. Adamo
http://www.stewartsynopsis.com/
http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Classroom/9912/africanseurope.html
African Origin of Civilization,
by Cheikh Anta Diop
African
Presence in Early Asia, edited by Runoko Rashidi and Ivan Van
Sertima.
References
from Edofolks:
Romans
and Blacks, By Lloyd A. Thompson (University of Oklahoma Press, 1990)
Septimius Serverus: The African Emperor, By Anthony R. Birley (Yale University
Press, 1988)
Blacks in Antiquity: Ethiopians in the Greco-Roman Experience, By Frank M.
Snowden (Cambridge University Press, 1970)
Before Color Prejudice, By Frank M. Snowden (Cambridge University Press, 1984)
African Glory The Story of Vanished Negro Civilizations, By J. C. deGraft
Johnson (Black Classic Press, 1986)
History of The African People Vol. II Africans in Europe, By G. K. Osei (The
African Publication Society, 1971) .
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